Gout

What Is Gout?

Gout is a type of arthritis caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints. It leads to sudden, severe attacks of pain, swelling, redness, and tenderness, often in the big toe, but it can affect other joints as well.

Risk factors include being male, being overweight, family history of gout, chronic kidney disease or other health conditions, certain medications (e.g., diuretics).

Common Symptoms:

• Sudden and intense joint pain (often at night)
• Swelling, redness, and warmth around the affected joint
• Stiffness or reduced range of motion after an attack

What Causes Gout?

Uric acid buildup: Uric acid is a waste product formed when the body breaks down purines (found in certain foods and drinks).

If the body produces too much uric acid or doesn’t excrete enough through urine, it can accumulate and form sharp crystals in joints.

Triggers

• Foods high in purines: red meat, shellfish, organ meats
• Alcohol, especially beer
• Sugary drinks and foods high in fructose
• Dehydration
• Certain medications (like diuretics)